A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked—most commonly by a blood clot in a coronary artery. Without oxygen-rich blood, that part of the heart begins to suffer damage. The faster the blockage is treated, the better the chances of survival and recovery.

While some heart attacks come on suddenly and severely, many start with warning symptoms hours, days, or even weeks in advance.

Early Warning Signs You Should Never Ignore

These signs may appear gradually and may not even involve chest pain—especially in women, older adults, or people with diabetes. Paying attention to your body and seeking prompt care can prevent major heart damage—or save a life.

1. Unusual Fatigue

Feeling extremely tired for no obvious reason, even after rest, can be an early red flag—especially in women. This isn’t just about being tired; it’s the kind of fatigue that makes routine tasks feel overwhelming.

2. Shortness of Breath

Struggling to breathe with minimal effort, walking across the room, or lying down flat may suggest the heart is not pumping effectively. This can occur well before chest discomfort begins.

3. Mild Chest Discomfort or Pressure

Rather than sharp pain, early signs can include a sense of tightness, fullness, squeezing, or pressure in the chest, often described as “an elephant sitting on my chest.” It might come and go and may be mistaken for heartburn.

4. Discomfort in Other Areas of the Upper Body

Heart-related pain doesn’t always stay in the chest. It can radiate to the arms (especially the left), neck, jaw, back, or even shoulders. These may feel like aches or pressure, not necessarily sharp pain.

5. Cold Sweats

Breaking out in a cold sweat, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, is a warning sign of a possible cardiac event. It may occur even while at rest.

6. Dizziness or Lightheadedness

Reduced blood flow to the brain during a heart attack can make you feel faint or woozy. Don’t ignore this symptom—especially if it occurs alongside chest discomfort or nausea.

7. Nausea or Indigestion-Like Symptoms

Heart attacks can mimic gastrointestinal issues, especially in women. Nausea, indigestion, or stomach pain that doesn’t go away could actually be related to the heart.

Who Is at Higher Risk of a Silent or Atypical Heart Attack?

While anyone can experience subtle heart attack symptoms, certain groups are more likely to present without classic chest pain:

• Women – More likely to report fatigue, jaw pain, nausea, or back pain

• Older adults – May experience weakness, confusion, or fainting

• People with diabetes – Can have “silent” heart attacks due to nerve damage (neuropathy)

If you’re in one of these groups and notice new or unusual symptoms, it’s important not to delay care.

What to Do If You Suspect a Heart Attack

Every minute counts. Call 911 immediately if you think you’re experiencing symptoms of a heart attack—don’t try to drive yourself to the hospital. Emergency responders can start treatment on the way and improve outcomes. While waiting, try to remain calm, sit or lie down, and chew an aspirin (if not allergic), which may help prevent further clotting.